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The radical flank effect refers to the positive or negative effects that radical activists for a cause have on more moderate activists for the same cause. According to Riley Dunlap, the idea of a radical flank effect "has a lot of credibility among social-movement scholars". ==History== In 1975, Jo Freeman introduced the term "radical flank" with reference to more revolutionary women's groups, "against which other feminist organizations and individuals could appear respectable." The term "radical flank effect" was coined by Herbert H. Haines. In 1984, Haines found that moderate black organizations saw increased rather than decreased funding as the radical black movement emerged. In his 1988 ''Black Radicals and the Civil Rights Mainstream, 1954-1970'', Haines challenged the prevailing view that confrontational and militant black activists created a "white backlash" against the more moderate civil-rights movement. Rather, Haines argued, "the turmoil which the militants created was indispensable to black progress" and helped mainstream civil-rights groups.〔 Haines measured positive outcomes based on increases in external income to moderate organizations and legislative victories. While nearly half of the income data was estimated or missing due to the refusal of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and the Congress of Racial Equality to divulge their complete financial records, it was more extensive than the data used by Doug McAdam in his classic work on resource mobilization. Haines' data was thorough for the moderate organizations (such as the NAACP) which comprised the dependent variable for his research.〔(Herbert H. Haines, "Black Radicalization and the Funding of Civil Rights: 1957-1970" ''Social Problems'', Oct., 1984 (University of California Press), pp. 31-43 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Radical flank effect」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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